Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme present in all cells of living beings. This compound has the characteristic of being a dinucleotide, formed by two nucleotides, joined through their phosphate groups.
The two nucleotides constituting NAD are composed of an adenine base and nicotinamide, resulting in two forms, which are oxidized and reduced and have abbreviations, NAD + and NADH, respectively.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD), is a water-soluble vitamin. It has a white crystalline powder form, with a nearly odorless and slightly bitter taste. It is soluble in both water and ethanol, as well as glycerin. NAD is easily absorbed orally and quickly distributed throughout the body, and any excess amounts are quickly eliminated through the urine.
Undergoing biological oxidation, NAD plays the role of hydrogen delivery in the respiratory chain. It is part of coenzyme I and coenzyme II, and plays an important role in promoting both processes and tissue metabolism, as well as the maintenance of healthy tissues, particularly skin, digestive tracts, and the nervous system.
Furthermore, NAD has been examined for its potential preventive and curative properties for heart block, sinus node function, and anti-arrhythmic activity. Some studies have reported that NAD can significantly improve the heart rate and decrease atrioventricular block, caused by softener, verapamil.
